What is Tor?
Tor is an open-source privacy network, which stands for the Onion Routing Project, and provides anonymous web browsing. It's a nonprofit organization that carries out research and development related to online anonymity and confidentiality. It is intended to prevent anybody from tracking your browsing history or discovering where you are, including corporations and the government.
The global Tor computer network utilizes secure, encrypted protocols to maintain users' online anonymity. Digital communications and information of Tor users are protected using a tiered methodology that is similar to the stacked segments of an onion.
The basic objectives of Tor can be summed up as; blocking trackers by obscuring user trails, advancing against monitoring, resisting fingerprinting, providing multi-layered encryption, and enabling unrestricted browsing.
The initially developed technology associated with Tor was created by the US Navy
and more than half of the funding has come from the government. The primary objective of Tor was to defend internet users' privacy from related corporations when it was first launched in 2002.
The following topics are going to be covered in this article;
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What is Tor?
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How does Tor work?
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Is Tor legal to use?
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Tor for online privacy and anonymity?
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How do I download and install Tor on my device?
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Can Tor be used to access the dark web or deep web?
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How secure is Tor?
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Are there any alternatives to Tor for anonymous browsing or communication?
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What are the common misconceptions or myths about Tor?
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Are there any risks or vulnerabilities associated with using Tor?
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What is the difference between Proxy and Tor?
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How can I contribute to the Tor Project or support its mission of online privacy and freedom of expression?
How does Tor Work?
The method employed by the Tor browser is called Onion routing. Users can browse the internet anonymously because of the peer-to-peer overlay network which is known as the onion router. The source and destination of data transported over the network remain anonymous using onion routing's numerous levels of encryption. It is made so that internet conversation cannot be monitored or restricted and censored by anyone.
Similar to the layers of an onion, Tor is a structure made up of a three-layer proxy. It consists of public entry nodes, anonymous middle nodes, and exit nodes. There are thousands of anonymous relay servers which are mostly owned by volunteers.
After installing Tor, the user's browser sends data to an exit node, the place where the network's data leaves, using Tor servers. After being sent, this data goes through encryption many times passing through a randomly chosen middle relay, before being forwarded to the following node.
The relay servers only know the current relay and the following relay because the request has been encrypted numerous times; they are unaware of the request's contents or the entire chain. At an exit node, the network request eventually leaves the Tor network. The user is browsing right from the exit node visible by the website.
It becomes challenging to track the data back to its initial source when this process is done repeatedly. The Tor browser doesn't keep track of the browsing history or save cookies while providing anonymity.
Tor hidden services use .onion domain names and are invisible from the traditional internet, therefore accessing them differs from accessing ordinary websites. Tor Browser is a customized form of Mozilla Firefox which uses the Tor network to access the World Wide Web. Tor Browser comes with several extensions that aid users in protecting their privacy. For instance, Tor comes pre-installed with the NoScript plugin, which requires users to manually approve each JavaScript file before it can execute. This helps guard against profiling and browser security attacks.
Figure 1. How does Tor work?
Is Tor Legal to Use?
Yes. In the majority of nations, using the Tor network and Tor browser is legal. Yet, you will be in trouble with the authorities in your country if you use Tor to carry out illegal acts. Since Tor allows users to browse the internet anonymously, authoritarian governments frequently target it for censorship. Numerous countries including China, Iran, and Russia have attempted to shut down the Tor network's relays or completely block the Tor website in time. In the majority of these nations, aside from China, mirrors and proxies continue to provide access to the Tor network. However, if you use the Tor browser in these nations, it's strongly advised to proceed with extreme caution. Although it won't be considered illegal for you to use the browser alone, employing Tor is highly suspicious in many nations. Considering the illicit uses of Tor in many cases, the suspicion is at least somewhat justified. Yet it disregards the legitimate and beneficial use of Tor's anonymity.
In conclusion, the fundamental goal usually determines whether Tor is legal or criminal. In most nations, you shouldn't have much of a reason to be concerned if you're using it for legal activities like surfing the internet or any other legal daily content. Yet, the dark web, which is well-known for its illicit activities, is frequently linked to the Tor browser. Using Tor for illegal purposes can get you into trouble with the law.
Tor can be used to access some unlawful sites on the dark web, including those that deal in the sale of illegal and often dangerous narcotics and substances, human trafficking, the distribution of harmful software like viruses and malware, and the sale of explicit sexual content.
On the other hand, some key groups of people who can be given as examples for legal use of the Tor network include; reporters who operate under authoritarian regimes, citizens under a dictatorship, political dissidents, human rights activists, certain kinds of whistleblowers, law enforcement officials, undercover officers, IT professionals including cybersecurity professionals and white hat hackers.
What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of using Tor for online privacy and anonymity?
Tor is mostly preferred because of its offering for the users the websites they visit cannot identify their true IP address if it is utilized properly. You don't have to worry about your internet service provider knowing what websites you've visited. It mainly offers ways to get around different types of censorship.
Some main advantages of using Tor are as follows:
- It's challenging to be shut down. Since only volunteers run the Tor network, neither the government nor any other entity can easily shut it down.
- It Disguises your IP Address. Your request runs through several levels before it reaches its destination, thereby hiding your real IP address. Your IP address won't be known by any layer or node.
- It has no cost to use. Downloading the Tor browser is free, and so is access to its network.
- It lets users get around geographical restraints. You can get around regional limitations and unblock stuff that would otherwise be blocked in your location because your true IP address is concealed.
Although there are many advantages to using Tor, it comes with some significant disadvantages. The main drawbacks of Tor are listed below:
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Slow Connection: Using the Tor network can significantly slow down your connection compared to VPNs and standard surfing the internet because a single request has to travel through numerous layers or nodes. Since the selection is random and each node has a different bandwidth, there is a potential that you will pass via the slowest node. Using the Tor browser is not the perfect choice for content that requires a high-speed connection or downloading files with big file sizes.
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Security Limitations: Only the Tor browser or programs with integrated Tor access can make use of the security that the Tor network offers. This implies that not all software that you use can benefit from Tor network security. When you use Tor, some websites might not work properly to provide more security.
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Possible Security Vulnerability: Anyone operating it will be able to easily read your data because the data that reaches the exit node has been decrypted. If you're not using an HTTPS connection, this could leave you vulnerable to possible attacks. This is concerning since anyone may easily set up an exit node. In addition, from the users' side, it's relatively easier to harm your anonymity with your mistake during your internet activity.
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Administration and Maintenance Issues: Since the Tor network is entirely managed by volunteers, maintenance expenses might not be covered and there may not be enough sources to run it smoothly. In addition, the operation of Tor may be restricted by particular governments and network administrators.
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Attracting Suspicion: Despite being legal, utilizing Tor may give the impression that your conduct is questionable and drive attention by law enforcement. The authorities may want to monitor you if they notice that you use the Tor network frequently since the majority of Tor users are those who want to conceal confidential information.
How do I Download and Install Tor on My Device?
The Tor installation process for Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android is going to be explained below.
Before beginning the installation, Tor Browser has to be downloaded on your device from the official Tor Project website, which is best to use for the latest and most accurate software downloads and installation instructions. Note that it explains how to get around by giving a few alternative download methods in case it is blocked on your network. You may download the Tor Browser from https://www.torproject.org/download/.
You may install Tor on Windows by following the next steps:
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After entering the download page
https://www.torproject.org/download/, click "Download for Windows". Your computer will start downloading a file. The Tor browser is going to start the installation process after you open this file. -
Select the language of your choice, then click "OK." After that, you'll see the Browser Setup window.
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Select the target folder and click "Install." Note that if you don't customize the location to install the software, the installer will create a new folder for it.
After installation is complete, Tor can be used as your other regular browsers.
You may install Tor on MacOS by following the next steps:
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After entering the download page
https://www.torproject.org/download/, click "Download for MacOS". -
After downloading, open the install file and drag the Tor Browser icon to the Applications folder.
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Finally, the Tor browser can be found and launched by proceeding to the Launchpad on your Mac.
You may install Tor on Android devices by following the next steps:
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Search "Tor" in the Play Store search pane.
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If more than one app shows up, select "Install" on the one with the highest number of downloads.
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To begin browsing Tor on your Android device, click "Open" and "Connect".
After installing Tor Browser successfully on your device, it's preferable to click "Tor Network Settings" first if you are currently in a nation that actively bans Tor. The software will assist you in setting up your browser so that the online limitations in your country won't affect you as much. Other settings can be made as selecting security level, etc. from settings.
Can Tor be used to Access the Dark Web or Deep Web?
The Tor Browser reroutes web traffic across a collection of several routers known as nodes to conceal your IP address and internet activity. Your data and your anonymity are protected since the procedure involves multiple layers with strong encryption. Tor is used by journalists, whistleblowers, and others who want to protect their online privacy since it hides their browsing history and disables tracking.
One of the most preferred browsers for accessing the dark web anonymously is Tor.
Websites that are often unavailable through conventional search engines or regular browsers can be found on the dark web. To access a dark web website, its precise URL also needs to be known.
As the dark web is made up of unindexed and uncontrolled web pages, it's the home for anything from pirated stream content to black marketplaces, illegal drugs, and any type of banned and mostly illegal content.
Although Tor is commonly associated with the dark web or deep web, not all content on these networks is illegal or malicious. As a result, staying away from the dark web is highly advised unless you are planning to use it for legal purposes or just to protect your anonymity or bypass censorship in journalism and you are well-versed in the topic.
How Secure is Tor?
The Tor Browser conceals the websites that you browse from others. Even though certain organizations, like your Internet Service Provider (ISP), might be able to see that you're using Tor, they are unlikely to be able to figure out where you're visiting.
More capacity than any other browser is available in Tor to maintain your online anonymity. Some security and anonymity measures that Tor takes are as follows
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To secure your identity, Tor redirects and encrypts your traffic as it navigates over the network.
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To prevent websites and eavesdroppers from discovering who you are or what you're up to, Tor masks your true IP address.
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Every website you visit is isolated by Tor, preventing tracking tools from third parties and advertisements from following you around.
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Your electronic fingerprints will be practically identical to those of every other Tor user due to the design of the Tor Browser. In this manner, the browser you use and information about your device cannot be used to identify you.
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When you close a tab, all of your browsing history, cookies, and forms permanently vanish. Every search starts from scratch.
Tor also has three category optional security levels. Standard, safer and safest options are available on the Tor browser.
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If the standard option is chosen, all Tor browser and website functionalities are going to be active.
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If the Safer option is chosen, possible harmful website features are inactive. Some websites might turn inoperable as a result. Any non-HTTPS websites have JavaScript disabled, some fonts and symbols are disabled, and HTML5 media like video and audio are click-to-play.
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If the safest option is chosen, only the functionality needed for static sites and the most fundamental services are permitted at this level. Scripts on the page, media, and images, are all affected by these modifications. All websites have Javascript turned off by default, along with some fonts, icons, symbols, and images. Video and audio content are again click-to-play only.
On the other hand, attacks are still feasible even though Tor is more secure than the majority of commonly used browsers, as no technology is completely infallible, and there may be potential risks or vulnerabilities. While Tor offers protection against the analysis of traffic, end-to-end correlation, which involves using several data points from a data stream to pinpoint an attack's origin and goal, is not shielded.
Some common attacking and spying methods on Tor are going to be mentioned in further chapters.
Are there any alternatives to Tor for anonymous browsing or communication?
Tor Browser is a fantastic browser that protects user anonymity. However, Tor is not the only browser that prioritizes privacy and there are some disadvantages to using Tor including a much slower internet connection. Various web browsers are available to offer anonymity while surfing the internet. VPNs and proxies
Below there will be a few top Tor alternatives for browsing anonymously and VPNs, proxies, and Tor are going to be discussed and compared.
Here are a few top Tor alternatives for browsing anonymously;
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Epic Browser: One of the top Tor alternatives available today is Epic Browser. The fact that Epic Browser was created using Chromium's source code suggests that Epic will likely have a ton of Chrome features. Ads, spyware, and other scripts are all automatically blocked by Epic Browser on internet pages. In addition, you can add plugins to the browser to increase its capabilities. Although it doesn't work on all pages and doesn't offer a portable version, it is strong at resisting attempts at tracking. The web browser can be downloaded at the Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
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Freenet: It's a free, extremely secure browser for browsing invisibly. Strong encryption technology is used throughout the Freenet network's servers, ensuring high levels of informational secrecy and user anonymity. It was created to give journalists and people in censorship areas greater levels of anonymity and secure file-sharing capabilities. Due to its intense focus on user anonymity and data protection, Freenet is now somewhat simplistic and an inadequate option for individuals looking for a rich online experience.
Strong points of Freenet include its robust features, decentralized architecture, and scalability in response to growth. Additionally, it is dynamic as it can change routing based on evolving network topology. Although it provides greater resistance to many attacks, its defense against DoS attacks is poor. The ability to search using keywords is another drawback.
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Brave: Brave is a well-known no-tracking web browser that places privacy first. Brave doesn't monitor the online activity of its users, harvest their data, or allow other apps, extensions, or add-ons to do so. Brave is highly regarded by privacy advocates since users are guaranteed not to be tracked, even though this limits its use and decreases its popularity in comparison to alternatives.
There are built-in ad blockers, no advertisements to slow down the browser, and guaranteed user privacy and data protection. Meanwhile, being incompatible with some well-known software and websites, using plenty of RAM capacity and lack of some add-ons and extensions may restrict user experience.
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Subgraph OS: Similar to Tails, Subgraph OS is an open-source Linux distribution with transparent security features, designed to resist cracking and disruption. It has built-in Tor integration and a default setting that requires all sensitive apps to use the Tor Network for communication. One of the best Tor Browser alternatives without leaving Tor Network and accessing the web freely with a Tor-based system would be Subgraph OS.
Hardened security features like forced disk encryption, and providing permission restriction on data access are Subgraph OS's offerings. On the other hand, it demands advanced Linux skills, unsuitable for regular users, limited availability of browser extensions and add-ons, and offers a poor support team.
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I2P: I2P, sometimes referred to as the Invisible Internet Project is a Tor substitute that encrypts your internet traffic in layers using DarkNet technology. It is quicker than Tor and optimized for hidden services. I2P makes your internet traffic untraceable by routing it across thousands of distributed devices, much like the Tor Network does. Similar to blockchain technology, it uses a decentralized system with end-to-end encryption to protect the information. I2P is well-liked by users of the Darknet, even though it was originally designed for use by government organizations to protect sensitive data and communications from cyber criminals. It is resistant to middle-man attacks and timing attacks. While surfing sessions are often slow, file sharing is simpler, and faster, and offers encrypted destination locations for shared data. Additionally, sharing files needs logging into the I2P network. It hasn't been as well vetted and might not be as secure in public networks.
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Tails: Similar to Subgraph OS, Tails is a version of Linux with a security-focused Debian distribution that aims to protect anonymity and privacy. A USB drive might be utilized for starting it since it is a live operating system. Tails give you anonymity by utilizing Tor's services.
What are the common misconceptions or myths about Tor?
Some common misconceptions or myths are going to be discussed below.
Is Tor a VPN?
No. A VPN is not the same as Tor. Even though they can both conceal a user's IP address from the final recipient and encrypt internet traffic, that is the only common feature between them. The methods that Tor and VPN work on are fundamentally different. Tor is a browser that uses a decentralized, distributed network maintained by volunteers to encrypt just the traffic inside the Tor Browser. A VPN, on the other hand, is specialized privacy protection software that encrypts any data leaving a device, regardless of whether it originates from an application or a browser.
VPN vs Tor
A VPN and the Tor network have many similarities, yet they serve distinct objectives. Both make use of proxies, which act as internet connection relays. This makes it difficult to trace users by concealing the user's true IP address and location from third parties. Additionally, they both employ encryption, which muddles the contents of data transported to and from the internet so that anyone who intercepts it cannot comprehend it. The user's connection is routed through a VPN's intermediate server, which is run by the service provider, in a different location of your choosing after being encrypted. Your internet connection is encrypted via Tor and is routed through an unorganized network of volunteer-operated servers. In theory, Tor prioritizes anonymity whereas VPNs favor privacy. In essence, privacy covers what you do while anonymity covers who you are.
Tor's offerings can be summarized as; accessing the internet anonymously, reaching the dark web, and untraceable communication for those who prefer to remain anonymous, including journalists and their sources, activists, dissidents, and crime victims.
On the other hand, some advantages of using VPN instead of Tor are as follows:
- Bypassing local regulations to unblock geographically restricted content and censorship.
- Torrenting as a VPN typically operates much more quickly than Tor and offer far more download bandwidth.
- The encryption that VPN provides will shield public wifi from potential attacks.
- ISP throttling and workplace restrictions can be avoided.
Is Tor the Dark Web?
One of the most significant browsers for accessing the dark web anonymously is Tor.
The dark web is typically developed and accessed using Tor, which offers hosts and users of the site an advanced, encrypted connection that provides anonymity. Tor represents what a dark web browser can offer and it is always mentioned together with the dark web and as a result, it is a dark web browser.
Do Hackers use Tor?
Yes. Typically, hackers may use Tor as part of their configuration to preserve their anonymity, but this isn't always the case. Additionally, they may utilize VPNs, proxy services, other hidden networks, wireless adapters, particularly operating systems, setting up their private network, etc. Depending on the type of attack they prepare, hackers might at times employ TOR to retain their anonymity.
Is DuckDuckGo a Tor?
No. DuckDuckGo is a search engine while Tor is a network. Although Tor significantly improves your online anonymity, it still doesn't guarantee that the websites you visit won't track you if you're not cautious while you log into your Facebook or Google account for instance. Furthermore, during a Tor browsing session, cookies may be used to monitor you. When using the Tor browser, DuckDuckGo is the default search engine and doesn't keep track of your searches. By enhancing Tor with DuckDuckGo, you can use Tor to be even more anonymous, especially when searching.
DuckDuckGo is best positioned to preserve your privacy as it does not log, collect, or disclose users' personal information or search history. The majority of other search engines keep a record of your searches along with additional data like the timestamp, your IP address, and, if you're signed in, details about your account information.
Is Orbot a Tor Browser?
In simple terms, Orbot is Tor. The Orbot App, a free proxy tool designed for delivering Android users' mobile privacy, is operated and maintained by the Tor Project.
Orbot is a free Tor VPN for smartphones to tunnel traffic from all installed apps through the Tor network. To make it simpler to grasp, it can be visualized as the Tor browser with the ability to compel other Android apps to accept its connection to get any internet access.
One question is whether Orbot and the Tor Browser for Android should be used together or if one is sufficient for Android devices. Orbot and the Tor Browser for Android are both very good and useful, though they have different uses. On your mobile device, Tor Browser for Android functions similarly to Tor Browser for desktops. On the other hand, Orbot is a proxy that enables you to use the Tor network to send data from your other applications such as email clients and instant messaging programs. Both of these might be excellent choices, depending on how you want to use the Tor network.
Are Tor and Onion the Same?
Tor is an application of onion routing, which encrypts messages before bouncing them at random through a global network of relays operated by volunteers. These "onion" routers use multiple layers of encryption to provide perfect forward secrecy between relays, giving users network location anonymity. This is the reason for the onion metaphor. By using Tor's anonymous onion service functionality, censorship-resistant information can be hosted while maintaining anonymity.
Are there any Risks or Vulnerabilities associated with Using Tor?
Although it offers a variety of advantages, especially in terms of anonymity, there is a chance that the risks that it poses may sometimes overshadow its positive aspects. Getting around network security, connecting to possible illicit websites on the Dark Web, and making the network vulnerable to malware infections are some possible security risks that come with using Tor.
One of Tor's biggest drawbacks is the challenge to defend against an end-to-end correlation attack. This means that considering all of its security measures, Tor cannot completely protect users from hostile actors that are keeping an eye on certain locations on the network to gather information, such as user identities, for instance. The onion network's entry and exit nodes are susceptible because internet traffic at these locations is not encrypted. As a result, your data is vulnerable to interception, and your IP address may become accessible.
Some of the common possible attacking and spying methods on Tor are stated below:
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Node Blocking: A malevolent user could momentarily stop consensus nodes from communicating by exploiting a vulnerability in the Tor exit relay. This issue is comparable to a denial of service (DoS) attack, preventing users from accessing a website by overloading its servers with requests.
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Monitoring: Because the traffic traveling via the Tor exit nodes does not use E2EE, they are susceptible to monitoring. Even though such an approach does not directly harm users' anonymity, traffic monitoring can reveal details about the source.
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Attack via Traffic Analysis: In a passive traffic analysis attack, an attacker uses the information to compare it to data on the network's other side. In an active traffic analysis attack, the intrusive party alters packets by a pattern to evaluate the effects they have on traffic.
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Sniper Attack: An example of a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is the sniper attack, which overwhelms exit nodes to the point they do have not enough memory. By lowering the number of operational exit nodes, an attacker can increase the likelihood that consumers will use exit nodes under their control.
The following steps can be done to avoid these Tor threats or at least minimize them:
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Think carefully before you enter any website, consider before you click, and leave right away if you see any suspicious activity.
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To completely safeguard your privacy and prevent network intrusions, sync up with a trustworthy VPN.
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On the dark web, watch out for cybercriminals and avoid locations where unlawful activity is taking place.
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Download the official and final version of the Tor browser on your computer.
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Update the Tor and your system whenever possible.
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Install a powerful antivirus and anti-malware software to protect your other files from spyware that could violate your privacy.
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Set HTTPS-only mode and make sure you use HTTPS website URL rather than HTTP before reaching the website. Your temporary files, local data, and cookies should all be deleted since they might contain harmful software.
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Set your security level and configure your Tor browser to the safest mode.
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Set history, cookies, camera, and microphone settings.
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Social networking sites can be avoided.
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Make use of a virtual identity that isn't identical to your real-life identity.
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Disable Flash and JavaScript to prevent websites from tracking your browsing habits when using the Tor browser.
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Stop P2P file-sharing Torrent sites.
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Prefer private search engines.
What is the Difference Between Proxy and Tor?
In a normal internet connection, your connection is sent to the server that hosts the website when you connect to a web page. Your IP address and approximate location are only a couple examples of the vast amount of information that a server can know about your connection.
In the case of using a proxy, your connection goes through a proxy server first, then from the proxy server to the server hosting the website. A proxy server can deceive the receiving web server into believing that your IP address and location are different from what they actually are by serving as a third-party communication point. This provides a straightforward, simple-to-maintain structure. The same server serves as both the point of entry and exit for all users. The service provider may charge a fee or use advertisements. There is nothing to install in the most basic arrangement. The client can get started as the browser is directed to the proxy.
Proxy servers, nevertheless have a major drawback compared to Tor, in that your connection isn't encrypted. Information like your IP address and location can be found by carrying out online tracking which is not challenging to perform.
On the other hand, before sending your traffic to its final destination, Tor routes it through a minimum of three distinct servers. Anyone monitoring your Internet connection cannot access or modify the data you transmit to the Tor network because each of the three relays has its layer of encryption. Between your computer and the exit location, your communication is encrypted.
While the traffic passes through Tor servers, none of the Tor layers are aware of the source of the data transmitted or have access to any identifying information about it.
Proxy servers typically offer less security and privacy compared to Tor. Proxy servers merely serve as an intermediary between the user and the web service, in contrast to Tor, which is a complete traffic distribution system. Therefore, the intricate nature of Tor's infrastructure brings with it some limitations, with latency and general performance being the main issue. Proxies, on the other hand, can be configured to handle load balancing and boost the user's broadband connection.
How can I contribute to the Tor Project or support its mission of online privacy and freedom of expression?
In today's world, authoritarianism is becoming more prevalent, unfortunately. Governments frequently employ draconian internet filtering and blackouts to discourage organizing and protest. Companies use digital spyware to continuously monitor their employees. Schools regulate, keep track of, and classify student behavior and activity. Data trading companies sell incredibly detailed browsing and location information, and governments can simply avoid warrants by purchasing that information at a discount. Some people are thinking of prosecuting people using web searches. It is challenging to exercise our right to organize, conduct research, speak, and protest as a result of all these privacy intrusions.
As an attempt for a solution, Tor Project develops and implements free and open source anonymity and privacy technologies, supports their uncontrolled availability, and advances both their scientific and general knowledge. The main purpose of the Tor Project is to help to improve human rights and freedoms by offering free platforms to communicate and share.
Resources that Tor can rely on allow it to make confident plans. Compared to whales of business and nations, Tor is a modest charity organization fighting against foes on a global scale, which is on the path to development and success. Your support is essential to Tor's achievement, and the best way to sustain Tor going forward is with a monthly donation. Hiring new people for the long term to work on big projects is important as such stability enables Tor Project to allocate resources toward tackling the major issues.
Here are some other ways to volunteer and contribute to Tor Project:
- Running a Tor Network relay to help with the expansion of the Tor network is one action that everyone may currently take.
- Spread the word to your network. Consider running Onion services.
- Become a donor if you find it useful. Industries, non-governmental organizations, or other groups that share similar goals may contribute.
- Monthly donations are accepted including some types of cryptocurrency.
- Share good examples of Tor users and applications. Share the purpose if you use Tor and applications for new and better purposes.
- Become a translator to help Tor users, especially in authoritarian regimes.
- Presentations that can be utilized at different user group events globally such as public email lists, and the Tor Forum.
- Posters, pamphlets, and notes can be used as introductions to promote Tor at a symposium or conference in terms of human rights advocacy.