AlmaLinux: Features, Versions, Update, and Security

Published on: March 3, 2025

.

19 min read

.

For German Version

The AlmaLinux OS Foundation, a 501(c) organization, created the free and open-source Linux distribution AlmaLinux to offer a production-grade, community-supported enterprise operating system that is binary-compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). "Alma", which means "soul" in Spanish and other Latin languages, is the source of the distribution's name. The decision was made to honor the Linux community.

On March 30, 2021, AlmaLinux's first stable version was released, and it will continue to be maintained until March 1, 2029. The AlmaLinux Build System (ALBS), a customized build system whose source code, like the distribution itself, is openly available and licensed under open-source licenses, is used to create AlmaLinux in a way that is both reproducible and publicly visible.

The majority of businesses utilize AlmaLinux, one of the top Linux distributions. Its development was primarily motivated by its use as a CentOS substitute. In December 2020, Red Hat ended CentOS. For this reason, a large number of web hosting businesses have adopted this development and offered dependable AlmaLinux web hosting packages. Numerous other AlmaLinux-related issues will be covered in this paper.

• What is AlmaLinux?
• What are the Best AlmaLinux Versions?
• How does AlmaLinux compare to CentOS?
• Is AlmaLinux a good replacement for CentOS?
• What are the Features of AlmaLinux?
• How is the Security of AlmaLinux?
• What are the Requirements for Running Zenarmor on AlmaLinux?
• How to Download and Install AlmaLinux?
• Is AlmaLinux Free?
• Why did AlmaLinux move away from RHEL compatibility?
• How does the AlmaLinux community support its development?
• When is the end-of-life (EOL) for AlmaLinux 8 and 9?
• How do you upgrade from AlmaLinux 8 to 9?
• What package manager does AlmaLinux use?
• What makes AlmaLinux better for hosting services?
• How does AlmaLinux compare to Ubuntu?
• How does AlmaLinux handle RHEL source code compatibility?
• How does AlmaLinux compare to Rocky Linux?
• Can you migrate from CentOS to AlmaLinux?

What is AlmaLinux?

A free and open-source Linux distribution called AlmaLinux was created as a substitute for CentOS Linux. The community-driven AlmaLinux OS Foundation is responsible for its development and maintenance. Its goal is to offer a stable, dependable operating system that is appropriate for corporate settings and has long-term support. Because AlmaLinux is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux's upstream source code, users who were previously dependent on CentOS for their server infrastructure may be sure of compatibility and a smooth transition. AlmaLinux is a strong option for businesses looking for a reliable and secure Linux distribution for their server requirements since it prioritizes providing a strong and community-driven alternative.

AlmaLinux is a free and enterprise Linux operating system that is backed by a community of people. Its tagline, "For the community, by the community", is how it presented itself to Linux users. The AlmaLinux OS is managed by the AlmaLinux OS Foundation, a 501(c)(6) nonprofit corporation founded for the benefit of the AlmaLinux OS community.

AlmaLinux's transparent approach allows users to actively participate, and it has quickly drawn a diverse user base with its capabilities in the year of its release (2021). As a result, AlmaLinux has emerged as a formidable rival to other Linux distributions.

What are the Best AlmaLinux Versions?

AlmaLinux comes in three primary editions, which are covered below.

1. Stable Release of AlmaLinux OS: The stable release, which represents an AlmaLinux version judged ready for production usage, is the result of development activities. It has undergone extensive testing and is regarded as secure and dependable. Users and companies who need a robust operating system for their servers, apps, and workloads are the target audience for this version.

   Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) upstream source code serves as the foundation for AlmaLinux OS Stable Release. This implies that it carries over RHEL's functionality, security, and stability, giving customers a free and open-source substitute for RHEL for their business requirements.

2. Beta Release of AlmaLinux OS: Beta releases are used to test new features, enhancements, and upgrades before the stable releases. The community, which includes developers and hobbyists, is given access to these versions and is encouraged to test them, offer comments, and report any problems or defects they come across. Because they assist in identifying any problems before they become a stable release, beta releases are essential to the development process. Participating in the beta testing stage allows users who feel comfortable testing pre-release software to help AlmaLinux get better.

3. Release Candidates for AlmaLinux OS (RC): Operating system versions deemed stable and feature-complete are known as release candidates. Although the development team feels that the product is now ready for distribution, they still want to test it further to guarantee the best possible quality.

   The Release Candidate phase's goals are to get further input from a wider range of users and identify any lingering problems that could have gone unnoticed. Prior to announcing the version as the official stable release, this is a last check. It is recommended that users try the Release Candidate and report any problems they run into.

How does AlmaLinux compare to CentOS?

Due to their shared Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) foundation, AlmaLinux and CentOS have many similarities. However, CentOS Stream has switched to a rolling-release approach, which adds more features but may sacrifice some stability, whereas AlmaLinux places a higher priority on stability and long-term maintenance.

When thoroughly examining the AlmaLinux vs. CentOS comparison, you must comprehend and take into account all of the distinctions. Although AlmaLinux and CentOS share many characteristics, they also differ in other ways. TThe main differences between AlmaLinux and CentOS are outlined below.

1. Development Model: With the switch to CentOS Stream, a rolling-release methodology is used, giving customers continuous upgrades and instant access to newly created and improved functionality. It now operates as a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) beta version, giving users access to emerging technologies meant for later RHEL versions. CentOS Stream closely resembles RHEL during its beta testing period, providing customers with an early look at upcoming releases. The partnership with Red Hat ensures compatibility; however, incorporating new features is prioritized over preserving stability in the long run.

   AlmaLinux ensures dependability and consistency by adhering to a stable release methodology that coincides with RHEL's release cycle. It is a good option for crucial operating contexts since it keeps binary compatibility with RHEL. Because the update strategy is predictable and aligned with RHEL's lifetime, enterprises can schedule infrastructure maintenance and updates with confidence.

   AlmaLinux prioritizes stability above the addition of experimental features, emphasizing dependable enterprise-grade experience and long-term support.

2. RHEL Relationship : Although both distributions are based on RHEL, there are some minor differences in how they are connected. Whereas AlmaLinux's relationship with RHEL is centered on compatibility, CentOS has a conventional downstream relationship. As a result, it is less closely tied to the future growth of RHEL.

3. Sponsorship and Community: Red Hat is in charge of this community-driven project, although concerns have been expressed over its stability and dependability after it switched to CentOS Stream.

   Red Hat's increasing focus on commercialization has raised questions about CentOS's ability to uphold its fundamental principles of openness and community involvement. Although Red Hat's cooperation facilitates growth, it has caused a schism among users on the project's future direction.

   AlmaLinux, which is backed by CloudLinux, a respected supplier of Linux solutions, ensures expert-level development and support. It actively involves users in updating and decision-making processes, demonstrating its strong commitment to community engagement. By encouraging cooperation and creativity among the open-source community, the project increases user confidence and dependability.

4. Software Update Lifespan: For its major releases in the past, CentOS has given consumers a ten-year software update lifespan. But AlmaLinux has continued to provide a longer support lifespan, giving consumers more stability and dependability.

5. Lifecycle and Support: CentOS Stream delivers updates as they become available by using a rolling-release methodology. In order to guarantee that customers have access to updates and security fixes, it provides prolonged support periods, often lasting five years for each major version. Although it promotes swift innovation by using the newest technology as soon as possible, this approach may have an impact on production settings' long-term stability.

   Organizations can rely on AlmaLinux for crucial workloads thanks to frequent upgrades, bug fixes, and security patches. It minimizes interruptions and promotes improved operational planning by adhering to a regular release schedule. It distinguishes itself as the best option for companies wishing to prevent sudden shifts or support gaps by emphasizing a steady environment.

6. Compatibility and Performance: The rolling-release feature of CentOS Stream has sparked worries about potential instability, while AlmaLinux is known for its dependability in the conventional approach. Its goal of swiftly integrating new technologies may have an impact on production settings' consistency of performance. The rolling-release strategy occasionally causes compatibility problems even though it keeps binary compatibility with RHEL.

   The strong development methodology of AlmaLinux encourages efficient resource management, which enhances responsiveness and performance. Because of this, it's a great option for production environments where dependability and stability are crucial. It provides better long-term value for companies who appreciate reliable performance.

7. Character of Community Involvement: If you compare CentOS with AlmaLinux, you will see that while both have community-driven strategies, their dynamics are different. AlmaLinux was created in response to the demand for a legitimate CentOS replacement, whereas CentOS mostly grew as a result of Red Hat's influence.

Is AlmaLinux a good replacement for CentOS?

Yes. AlmaLinux is a worry-free option for those who have a unique reliance on CentOS and are searching for a good substitute for it. CentOS customers may easily adapt to the AlmaLinux environment because of its binary compatibility with RHEL, which gives them a familiar experience. The design and functionality of the RHEL branch are very different from those of its well-known ancestor. Furthermore, software may effortlessly move current CentOS installations to an AlmaLinux setting.

In terms of both performance and design, AlmaLinux has the ability to produce the same favorable user experience. It follows the latest UI/UX trends because it is binary compatible with RHEL. Therefore, do not be afraid to utilize AlmaLinux if you are a CentOS user; it will provide you with the same user experience.

What are the Features of AlmaLinux?

AlmaLinux is a flexible operating system with the following features and advantages.

• RHEL Compatibility: Workloads and apps created or tested on RHEL can operate smoothly on AlmaLinux since AlmaLinux and RHEL are binary compatible. RHEL is the foundation of all AlmaLinux source code. Therefore, AlmaLinux is easy for you if you know RHEL or some fundamental Linux commands or codes. These programs can then be optimized to meet your needs. The community's charm is that all source codes are openly accessible.

• Features of Security: SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux) firewall management tools, access control policies, and other security upgrades are among the security capabilities that AlmaLinux inherits from RHEL.

• Dependability and Stability: AlmaLinux is appropriate for usage in production settings where a stable and reliable operating system is crucial since, like RHEL, it places a strong emphasis on stability and dependability. Because of its unwavering stability and dependability, AlmaLinux is a great option for mission-critical applications that need to be available around the clock.

• Enterprise-Level Package Administration: Installing, updating, and managing software packages is made easy for users using AlmaLinux's usage of the RPM package management system.

• LTS, or long-term support: For its versions, AlmaLinux offers maintenance and security updates for a considerable amount of time. For corporate users that need a robust platform for a longer lifespan, this is especially crucial.

• Compatibility: Because AlmaLinux works with a variety of hardware and software, integrating it with current systems and apps is simple.

• Performance: Because of its low overhead and effective resource management, AlmaLinux is performance-optimized and can readily handle demanding workloads.

How is the Security of AlmaLinux?

All software packages signed by the AlmaLinux OS Foundation use a GPG signing key, which is automatically validated when packages are installed using graphical update tools or dnf. DNF or graphical update tools will alert the user and not allow the installation of a package if it is not signed or if the signature is incorrect. Before you install a package, you must confirm its signature.

Compared to other enterprise-level Linux distributions, AlmaLinux provides a stable, safe, and incredibly compatible substitute. To satisfy your security requirements, it must be carefully configured, just like any other OS. You may create a strengthened environment that capitalizes on its built-in advantages by putting in place a multi-layered strategy that includes user control, intrusion detection, and ongoing monitoring. The security features and upgrades are the most extensive.

• SELinux: Similar to RHEL, AlmaLinux has SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux), which is not something that should be turned off. An extra degree of access control security is provided by SELinux.
• Compliance with FIPS: AlmaLinux offers continual FIPS (Federal Information Processing Criteria) compliance, which guarantees that cryptographic modules satisfy particular criteria, for businesses that must abide by federal rules.
• Secure Channels and VPNs: An additional degree of protection may be added while accessing your AlmaLinux servers, particularly for remote teams, by using secure channels like stunnel or VPNs like OpenVPN.
• Configuring a Firewall: Your first line of protection against network invasions is a firewall, such as Firewalld, IPtables, or the more recent NFTables. Because AlmaLinux supports them all, you may customize the one that best suits your requirements.
• Identification of Intrusions: For intrusion detection, you may utilize programs like AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) or, if you don't mind the lack of new updates, the ancient Tripwire. To keep track of any modifications, these programs create a database of system files and their properties. Any unlawful modification sets up an alarm that requires a quick response when connected with monitoring tools such as Nagios.
• Recording and Observation: For security and compliance, centralized logging is essential. On AlmaLinux, Syslog is a frequently used tool for this reason. Real-time analytics and monitoring features may be obtained by integrating RSyslog with a SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) system such as Splunk.
• Patch Administration: Security is a continuous activity rather than a one-time setup. As previously stated, AlmaLinux and TuxCare provide non-disruptive vulnerability patching, which may revolutionize operations for companies that require high availability. By connecting the servers to a patch management program like Spacewalk or Red Hat Satellite, you may further automate this process.
• Disaster Recovery and Backup: Having disaster recovery and backup systems like Bacula or Amanda in place is essential. For encrypted backups, you may also use technologies like Duplicity with cloud-based solutions like AWS S3.
• sudo rights: Never using root access until absolutely required is one of the core principles of Linux security. Typically, sudo is used to grant the required permissions. Make sure that only necessary permissions are granted in the /etc/users file.
• Hardening of SSH: The main method for gaining access to Linux systems is frequently SSH. It is essential to use key-based authentication and disable root login. To stop brute-force assaults, you may set up tools like Fail2Ban to cooperate with your SSH daemon.

How to Download and Install AlmaLinux?

AlmaLinux is easy to install; however, there are a few steps involved. To help you get started, below is a summary:

1. Verify the system's requirements: Make sure that the CPU, RAM, and storage space on your machine fulfill the minimal specifications for AlmaLinux.
2. Get the AlmaLinux ISO here: Get the ISO image that matches the architecture of your system by visiting the official AlmaLinux website at https://almalinux.org/get-almalinux/ (64-bit is recommended for most users).
3. Make a USB drive bootable: A USB drive with at least 2 GB of empty space is required. The downloaded ISO image should be written to the USB drive using a program like Ventoy or Rufus, depending on your operating system. As a result, you may install AlmaLinux on a bootable USB.
4. Boot from the USB Drive: Set up your BIOS/UEFI settings to start your computer from the USB drive after restarting it. Typically, this entails choosing the USB device from the boot menu by hitting a certain key (such as F12 or Delete) during startup.
5. Comply with the installation instructions: You will see the AlmaLinux installation after booting from the USB disk. Throughout the installation process, the installer will walk you through each step. You will need to set the following important items.
   • Language and Keyboard Layout: Select the language and keyboard arrangement that you like best.
   • Storage: Choose the disk drive partitioning method. For a more straightforward setup, go with automatic partitioning; for greater control, go with manual partitioning.
   • Network Connection: During installation, you have the option to specify your network settings if you have an internet connection.
   • Root Password and User Account: Create a normal user account for daily chores and establish or change a strong password for the root user, which is the primary administrative account.
6. Start the Installation: Start the installation procedure when you've gone over your setup options. If required, the installation will copy the AlmaLinux files to your computer and format your disk.
7. Reboot and Log In: You will be asked to restart your computer when the installation is finished. After removing the USB device, restart normally. After that, you may use the user account you made during installation to access your freshly installed AlmaLinux system.

Is AlmaLinux Free?

Yes, it’s free. Users may access the features of commercial and paid operating systems for free using AlmaLinux, a free distribution that offers a commercial operating system and functionality to satisfy commercial purposes.

"Like Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the AlmaLinux OS compilation copyright is licensed under GPLv2," states the license policy for AlmaLinux, which is based on the RHEL license.

Furthermore, you won't even be subject to any usage limits, andyou don't require a license, service agreement, or registration to utilize it.

AlmaLinux is entirely open-source. This indicates that anybody may see, alter, and share its source code without restriction. To keep AlmaLinux stable and safe, a group of developers dedicates their time and skills to the project. Compared to its for-profit rivals, AlmaLinux is a valued and free distribution that is dedicated to being open source.

Why did AlmaLinux move away from RHEL compatibility?

A community-driven, open-source, and free Linux distribution, AlmaLinux is binary compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). Distributions like AlmaLinux have been compelled to alter their operating system development processes in order to replace what IBM/Red Hat has done with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux source. Distributions including Rocky Linux, AlmaLinux, and Oracle Linux have had to reconsider how they construct their operating systems, as third parties no longer have unrestricted access to the RHEL source code.

These operating systems' primary selling point for a long time was their 1:1 compatibility with Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Those distributions have had to make significant adjustments since that is no longer a straightforward and economical choice.

AlmaLinux's developer has said that they would continue to prioritize ABI compatibility above 1:1 compatibility with RHEL. This implies that AlmaLinux will be compatible with RHEL's application binary interface. That is, AlmaLinux will be able to connect compiled binaries to prebuilt libraries.

Red Hat's decision to hide its source code behind a subscription wall is seen as a barrier to the Linux community's open-source philosophy and is one of the factors driving this change in emphasis. An option like AlmaLinux OS would eventually take action to resolve the issue.

Following revisions to the RHEL source repository, AlmaLinux OS, which is renowned for its dedication to facilitating a smooth transition from CentOS to a free and open-source RHEL substitute, recently made a groundbreaking statement.

AlmaLinux OS has changed its approach to provide Application Binary Interface (ABI) compatibility more importance than its past emphasis on preserving 1:1 compatibility with RHEL. This change enables them to run any software that is compatible with Red Hat's enterprise distribution while maintaining compatibility with RHEL.

A set of runtime protocols that communicate with a program's compiled binary representation is known as an ABI. It outlines the proper organization and communication between various program sections or software components, including machine code, data structures, and system calls.

In the context of AlmaLinux, ABI compatibility refers to their endeavors to ensure that programs created for RHEL (or RHEL clones) may operate without any issues on AlmaLinux. By supporting this goal, they want to do away with the need to duplicate all of the RHEL source code for their releases.

Because they will still be able to run RHEL-compatible apps and get regular security updates, current AlmaLinux OS customers should find this move to be very easy. Additionally, AlmaLinux OS obtains the freedom to provide essential bug patches outside of RHEL's release cycle by implementing ABI compatibility. They can now take fixes for problems that haven't been fixed upstream or distributed downstream.

How does the AlmaLinux community support its development?

The AlmaLinux OS project is owned and managed by the AlmaLinux OS Foundation, a 501(c)(6) organization established in March 2021. Members of the foundation elect the governing board, and they have been incorporating the community since the start. AlmaLinux OS will always be open and free.

AlmaLinux OS is a safe, reliable, and community-driven Linux distribution. AlmaLinux gives developers the chance to offer a Linux distribution that supports the computing requirements of a diverse user base and benefits the larger community.

AlmaLinux's primary characteristic is that it was created and developed by a team with expertise in Linux distributions. This distribution has garnered a lot of interest from the IT community because of the Cloud Linux team's development and funding assistance. There is a strong commitment to having strong community support because the Linux community and the AlmaLinux open-source organization are meant to manage this distribution.

AlmaLinux's community-driven approach will be even more important in the future than it is currently since updates and enhancements are done swiftly and cooperatively. This distribution provides solutions that take user needs into account in order to meet those demands. Due to the community's tremendous support, AlmaLinux offers new users a wealth of instructions.

Additionally, the AlmaLinux community offers outstanding support services for companies in need of specialized services and supports Linux kernel packages, fixes, and upgrades.

CloudLinux just launched TuxCare, a support service that offers vendor-level assistance in partnership with independent technologies to guarantee that Linux systems are always safe, current, and operational. They offer premium assistance for all Linux distributions, not only AlmaLinux.

When is the end-of-life (EOL) for AlmaLinux 8 and 9?

Security support for AlmaLinux OS 9 will end on May 31, 2032, while active support will last until May 31, 2027. When a new version is launched, each minor version approaches the end of its existence. For instance, the release of AlmaLinux OS 9.3 marked the end of life for AlmaLinux OS 9.2.

Release	Codename	Date of Beta	Date of Release	The kernel	Architectures Supported
9.5	Teal Serval	15.oct.2024	18.nov.2024	5.14.0-503.11.1	x86_64, aarch64, ppc64le, s390x
9.4	Seafoam Ocelot	15.apr.2024	06.may.2024	5.14.0-427.13.1	x86_64, aarch64, ppc64le, s390x
9.3	Shamrock Pampas Cat	26.oct.2023	13.nov.2023	5.14.0-362.8.1	x86_64, aarch64, ppc64le, s390x
9.2	Turquoise Kodkod	27.apr.2023	10.may.2023	5.14.0-284.11.1	x86_64, aarch64, ppc64le, s390x
9.1	Lime Lynx	02.nov.2022	16.nov.2022	5.14.0-162.6.1	x86_64, aarch64, ppc64le, s390x
9.0	Emerald Puma	19.apr.2022	26.may.2022	5.14.0-70.13.1	x86_64, aarch64, ppc64le, s390x

AlmaLinux OS 8 Version 8 will offer security support through May 31, 2029, and active support through May 31, 2024. When a new version is launched, each minor version approaches the end of its existence. For instance, the release of AlmaLin4.18.0-553ux OS 8.10 marked the end of life for AlmaLinux OS 8.9.

Release	Codename	Date of Beta	Date of Release	The kernel	Architectures Supported
8.10	Cerulean Leopard	17.apr.2024	28.may.2024	4.18.0-553	x86_64, aarch64, ppc64le, s390x
8.9	Midnight Oncilla	02.nov.2023	21.nov.2023	4.18.0-513.5.1	x86_64, aarch64, ppc64le, s390x
8.8	Sapphire Caracal	21.apr.2023	18.may.2023	4.18.0-477.10.1	x86_64, aarch64, ppc64le, s390x
8.7	Stone Smilodon	25.oct.2022	10.nov.2022	4.18.0-425.3.1	x86_64, aarch64, ppc64le, s390x
8.6	Sky Tiger	06.may.2022	12.may.2022	4.18.0-372.9.1	x86_64, aarch64, ppc64le, s390x
8.5	Arctic Sphynx	13.oct.2021	12.nov.2021	4.18.0-3484.18.0-348	x86_64, aarch64, ppc64le
8.4	Electric Cheetah	21.apr.2021	26.may.2021	4.18.0-305	x86_64, aarch64
8.3	Purple Manul	01.feb.2021	30.mar.2021	4.18.0-240	x86_64

How do you upgrade from AlmaLinux 8 to 9?

The procedure of updating AlmaLinux 8 to AlmaLinux 9 is explained in this section.

NOTE: Prior to making significant modifications, always make a backup of the server.

1. Update the server to the most recent version of AlmaLinux 8 and ensure that all installed software is current. To update, use the following command in the console.

   yum update-y

2. Restart the server after the update is finished.

   reboot

3. Make sure that the server is running the most recent version of AlmaLinux after restarting it.

   cat /etc/os-release

4. The next step is to download the Elevate testing repository. Elevate supports RHEL version migration-based distributions. To shut down the repository, use the following command.

   curl https://repo.almalinux.org/elevate/testing/elevate-testing.repo -o /etc/yum.repos.d/elevate-testing.repo

5. To verify that the repository has been added, execute the subsequent command.

   ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | grep elevate

6. The elevated GPG key should be imported.

   rpm --import https://repo.almalinux.org/elevate/RPM-GPG-KEY-ELevate

7. Turn off SELinux.

   vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

8. Put SELinux in disabled mode.

   SELINUX = disabled

   NOTE: Switch the SELinux option to enforcing when the upgrade is finished.

9. After turning off SELinux, restart.

   reboot

   NOTE: Do not proceed with step 4 if the server already has SELinux deactivated.

10. Turn off ZoneDrifting on a firewall.

    vim /etc/firewalld/firewalld.conf

11. Change "yes" to "no" to turn off zonedrifting.

    AllowZoneDrifting=no

12. Install packages for Leapp.

    yum install -y leapp-upgrade leapp-data-almalinux

13. Perform a pre-upgrade audit.

    leapp preupgrade

14. AlmaLinux 8 should be upgraded to AlmaLinux 9.

    leapp upgrade

15. After the update, restart.

    reboot

16. Check the operating system version after rebooting.

    cat /etc/os-release

Almalinux 8 has been successfully replaced with Almalinux 9 on the server.

What package manager does AlmaLinux use?

The DNF (Dandified YUM) package manager is used by AlmaLinux to handle software packages. Software packages are installed, updated, and removed using DNF, the primary package manager for RPM-based distributions like AlmaLinux. Additionally, it offers tools for managing software repositories and resolving dependencies. AlmaLinux and other Red Hat-based Linux distributions frequently utilize DNF, the package manager that replaced YUM.

RPM manages software using a variety of tools, such as DNF and YUM. The file extension for this program is RPM. Despite being similar, each package management has a unique set of commands:

• DNF employs a number of subcommands in conjunction with the dnf command.
• The yum command and other subcommands are used by YUM.
• RPM employs more conventional Linux command-line options like -i or -e in conjunction with the rpm command.

RPM-based package managers are frequently used by Fedora Linux, Rocky Linux, RHEL, and AlmaLinux. Several DNF instructions are often used:

• Installed packages are updated by the DNF update.
• Installing the requested package is done using DNF install vim.
• All installed packages are updated to the most recent version with dnf update vim.
• The given package is removed by using dnf remove vim.
• Version and other comprehensive package information are displayed by dnf info vim.

What makes AlmaLinux better for hosting services?

AlmaLinux is a multipurpose operating system. The free and open-source operating system AlmaLinux is frequently seen as the perfect substitute for the defunct CentOS. It is compatible with the majority of Linux applications, as well as well-known servers like Apache and Nginx, databases like MySQL and PostgreSQL, and programming languages like Python, PHP, and Java. It is nearly identical to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux OS.

AlmaLinux is incredibly flexible and can be set up on cloud servers, VPSs, and dedicated servers. The latter supports cloud-native technologies like containers. Because the OS is adaptable, users may change server settings to run certain apps or improve speed, for example. Additionally, regular upgrades guarantee that it stays safe and current with emerging technologies. For hosting services, AlmaLinux is superior due to the following reasons.

• RHEL Compatibility: Because AlmaLinux and RHEL are completely compatible, RHEL-based server setups and applications will function flawlessly on AlmaLinux.

• Long-Term Support (LTS): Every AlmaLinux version provides long-term support, usually for ten years, enabling users to depend on reliable security fixes and upgrades for a considerable amount of time.

• Community-Driven: AlmaLinux is an open-source project run by the AlmaLinux OS Foundation, which allows users and developers to influence the project's future course.

• Strong Security: AlmaLinux ensures a safe and dependable environment by integrating the MySQL module and providing frequent security upgrades.

• Open-Source and Free: AlmaLinux is a community-driven, 1:1 binary-compatible derivative of RHEL that will always remain a free enterprise Linux system.

How does AlmaLinux compare to Ubuntu?

Ubuntu and AlmaLinux are both excellent choices for server settings, but they have different uses. AlmaLinux is a robust, enterprise-level solution made for customers who value security, compatibility with RHEL, and long-term maintenance. Ubuntu, on the other hand, is a versatile, easy-to-use option that works well for developers, cloud apps, and DevOps situations.

Here is a comparison between Ubuntu and AlmaLinux.

• System administration and package management: Ubuntu and AlmaLinux both have their own advantages and disadvantages because of the different package formats and management tools they use.

  The Red Hat Package Manager (RPM) system, which is common in Red Hat-based distributions, is used by AlmaLinux, a clone of RHEL. YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified) and DNF (Dandified YUM) are two command-line tools that users may use to manage and install packages on this RPM system.

  On the other hand, Ubuntu, which is derived from Debian, uses the Advanced Package Tool (APT) to handle its package management requirements. APT is frequently cited as one of the most user-friendly and efficient package management systems, which makes it especially beneficial for development environments, home servers, and users who value simplicity.

• Features of System Security: Although both Ubuntu and AlmaLinux have comprehensive security measures, there are several notable differences in their default security configurations and tools

  Red Hat Enterprise Linux's (RHEL) security characteristics, such as the implementation of SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux), are advantageous to AlmaLinux. As a mandatory access control (MAC) mechanism, SELinux strengthens the overall security of the system by enforcing strict access regulations. It may be set up to prevent unwanted access to or changes to private data and services on the system.

  Ubuntu, on the other hand, uses AppArmor for its required access control, which is comparable to SELinux but uses a different approach. Program capabilities are restricted by AppArmor profiles in accordance with pre-established security guidelines. Compared to SELinux, it is usually seen to be easier to use and setup, enabling administrators to handle it more conveniently without compromising security.

• Effectiveness and Efficiency of Resources: Because of its focus on performance and reliability, AlmaLinux is especially well-suited for businesses and mission-critical systems. It can effortlessly handle large server installations and is optimized for high-performance situations. The lightweight and quick nature of Ubuntu is well recognized. It is designed to work effectively on a wide range of platforms and hardware, including real servers and virtual machines.

• Software Availability and Compatibility: AlmaLinux strives to be RHEL binary-compatible, which enables it to run all RHEL-supported software packages and applications. It provides a strong ecosystem of enterprise-level applications, including those used in industries like banking, healthcare, and telecommunications, that have been evaluated and certified by Red Hat. With thousands of packages covering everything from online services to development tools, Ubuntu boasts a sizable software repository. Its extensive support for several programming languages, cloud technologies, and development tools is another reason why many developers like it.

• Updates and Long-Term Support (LTS): AlmaLinux is dedicated to providing sustained assistance. Each version receives security updates and patches for a minimum of ten years, following the same maintenance lifetime as RHEL. Because of this, AlmaLinux is a great option for business systems that need dependability and no interference from upgrades. Every two years, Ubuntu produces LTS versions, which come with software updates and security fixes for five years. Five years is usually sufficient for the majority of production situations, even though this is a shorter support duration than AlmaLinux. Ubuntu also makes it possible to update to the next LTS release without experiencing any significant issues.

• Documentation and Community Support: Despite being a relatively new project, AlmaLinux has quickly built a robust community, and the AlmaLinux Foundation has been actively involved in its growth. The AlmaLinux community is growing quickly. Within the Linux environment, Ubuntu has one of the biggest and liveliest communities. Getting assistance for Ubuntu is simple because it has millions of users worldwide. Ubuntu also provides a wealth of material, including official manuals, tutorials, and frequently asked questions covering almost every aspect of server administration.

• Optimal Applications: Applications of AlmaLinux are enterprise servers, web hosting, and virtualization. However, Ubuntu use cases are personal servers, cloud apps, and web development. AlmaLinux is ideal for critical corporate servers because of its compatibility with RHEL and dedication to long-term support, particularly in highly regulated industries. Additionally, AlmaLinux is a great choice for web hosting companies, particularly those who have switched from CentOS, because of its security and reliability. Moreover, AlmaLinux is a great option for virtualized server configurations because of its lightweight architecture and compatibility with RHEL. Docker and Kubernetes-based cloud infrastructures and apps are best suited for Ubuntu. Ubuntu is an excellent choice for developers and DevOps professionals due to its extensive set of development tools. Because of its ease of use, Ubuntu is a good choice for setting up home servers or managing small projects.

• Long-term Support: AlmaLinux, like RHEL, takes a long-term maintenance policy. AlmaLinux is an excellent choice for long-term deployments in corporate environments since each version is eligible for security updates and patches for up to ten years. On the other hand, Ubuntu's LTS (Long-Term Support) versions are supported for five years. Ubuntu's LTS versions are often updated for stability and security, making them perfect for production settings. While Ubuntu's 5-year LTS cycle is more than sufficient for the majority of users, AlmaLinux offers a longer support period for enterprises that want longer maintenance.

How does AlmaLinux handle RHEL source code compatibility?

AlmaLinux OS is a community-driven corporate Linux distribution that is binary compatible with RHEL®.

RHEL and AlmaLinux are intended to be binary-compatible. This makes AlmaLinux a good option for consumers seeking a drop-in replacement for RHEL or CentOS because software and apps created or tested on RHEL can function smoothly on it.

Although AlmaLinux's source code is based on RHEL, it may be streamlined or changed to suit your needs with community input and involvement. Because AlmaLinux allows users to quickly develop their own upgrades and modifications by making its source code and release notes publicly available.

AlmaLinux's stability in comparison to its rivals is one of its standout qualities, making it a safe and secure choice. AlmaLinux has RHEL binary compatibility and adheres to the RHEL stable release as it is a downstream version of RHEL. Initially, the updated software is accessible for the CentOS stream. Once the flaws have been fixed, Red Hat Linux Enterprise will update the commercial version, which will then be made available to AlmaLinux customers. This procedure takes longer, but it has been tested and verified.

AlmaLinux may therefore be presented as a reliable, safe, and ready-to-use Linux distribution.

Following revisions to the RHEL source repository, AlmaLinux OS, which is renowned for its dedication to facilitating a smooth transition from CentOS to a free and open-source RHEL substitute, recently made a groundbreaking statement.

How does AlmaLinux compare to Rocky Linux?

Because both versions are based on RHEL, it is difficult to distinguish between Rocky Linux and AlmaLinux.

There is one distinction in the area of security. AlmaLinux adds a focus on the Center for Internet Security Benchmark, even though both have Secure Boot, SELinux, and many other sophisticated features included in RHEL.

In addition, the funding for each distribution varies, which may be the decisive element in a company's decision to select one over the other.

The main distinctions between AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux are as follows:

• History and Local Administration: CloudLinux created AlmaLinux soon after Red Hat declared that CentOS Linux will be discontinued in favor of CentOS Stream. Similar to CentOS before to the change, AlmaLinux aimed to offer a free, 1:1 binary-compatible derivative of RHEL. However, AlmaLinux chose to prioritize Application Binary Interface (ABI) compatibility above exact 1:1 RHEL compatibility once the public's access to RHEL source code was restricted. This implies that RHEL-built apps ought to function flawlessly and unaltered on AlmaLinux. Conversely, Rocky Linux is still dedicated to its goal of serving as a 1:1 drop-in substitute for RHEL. Gregory Kurtzer, the original CentOS co-founder, developed Rocky Linux. Additionally, it seeks to be a RHEL-compatible, community-driven distribution. Every time Red Hat makes changes to its source code access, Rocky is forced to find alternative ways to get the code, which makes the process more challenging.
• Cycle of Release and Stability: Rocky Linux and AlmaLinux both adhere to RHEL's release schedule, guaranteeing timely upgrades and compatibility. Both distributions work quickly to recompile and distribute their versions when RHEL publishes a new version. There could be some variations in time, though. When it comes to quicker release dates for security patches, updates, and patches, AlmaLinux usually has a little advantage. The development and distribution pipeline, which developed from comparable features already present at CloudLinux, is likewise community managed. Although it occasionally lags behind AlmaLinux by a few days, Rocky Linux maintains a relatively consistent release schedule.
• Adoption by Enterprises and Use Cases: Businesses looking for a dependable CentOS substitute are increasingly using both AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux. However, depending on their particular requirements, certain businesses could choose one over the other. AlmaLinux is widely used in cloud environments and by businesses that appreciate support choices sponsored by the company. It is especially well-liked in settings where timely security fixes and upgrades are essential to preserving operations. AlmaLinux was able to acquire a sizable share of users switching from CentOS thanks to its early release following the switch. Rocky Linux gained legitimacy among CentOS Project supporters thanks to its affiliation with Gregory Kurtzer, one of the project's founders. Businesses that value community-driven development and support tend to use Rocky Linux. Rocky Linux's heritage may better suit the needs of organizations that were previously dependent on CentOS.

Can you migrate from CentOS to AlmaLinux?

Indeed. The CentOS Linux stable version was discontinued, leaving a need that is filled by the open-source, community-driven Linux operating system AlmaLinux OS.

It will approach its end of life (EOL) as with CentOS 7. This implies that it will no longer get any new features, updates, bug fixes, or important security patches. Switching to a supported operating system is crucial if you want to keep your systems secure and functional. One of the dependable substitutes for CentoOS is AlmaLinux. Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is binary compatible with this community-driven enterprise distribution. It is free and open source, and it has an environment that is comparable to what CentOS customers are accustomed to. When you are converting your CentOS system, there are a few more seconds. Converting to AlmaLinux requires CentOS 8.4 or 8.5. Before switching to AlmaLinux, it is advised that you update your CentOS version to 8.5 if it is below. However, if your CentOS version is at least CentOS 8.4, it is not required.